Much of the content of the recent, heavily-censored US Senate report on CIA torture and rendition was not unfamiliar to many investigative researchers. But it’s worth reminding ourselves of the depth and expanse of this research and below we identify over 100 CIA black sites from a range of sources (Section 1); an exposition of Enhanced Interrogation Techniques (Section 2) together with background information on two of its architects – Bruce Jessen and James Mitchell and who were referred in the Senate report as “Dr. Grayson Swigert” and “Dr. Hammond Dunbar”; details of the Survival Evasion Resistance Escape program (Section 3); and a list of every known rendition occurrence by country/victim and flight (Section 4). We also include an extensive list of investigations. (Section 5).
Any credible investigation into CIA torture should, as a minimum, include former Vice President Dick Cheney; Mr. Cheney’s chief of staff, David Addington; the former C.I.A. director George Tenet; and John Yoo and Jay Bybee, the Office of Legal Counsel lawyers who drafted what became known as the torture memos. Also Jose Rodriguez Jr., the C.I.A. official who ordered the destruction of torture videotapes; the psychologists who devised the torture regimen; those who provided torture training; and the CIA employees who carried out that regimen.
Torture is still illegal under US law and banned by the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, ratified by 153 countries, and by the universally adopted Geneva Conventions of 1949.
1. Black sites
Around 50 prisons have been used as black sites to hold detainees in 28 countries, in addition to 25 more prisons in Afghanistan and 20 in Iraq. Around 17 US ships were also used as floating prisons since 2001.
Countries that held suspects on behalf of the US include Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kosovo, Libya, Lithuania, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Somalia, South Africa, Thailand, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Yemen, and Zambia.
Swiss senator Dick Marty’s memorandum on “alleged detention in Council of Europe states” stated that about 100 persons were kidnapped by the CIA on European territory and subsequently rendered to countries where they may have been tortured.
Asia
In Thailand, the Voice of America relay station in Udon Thani was reported to be a black site.
Middle East
In Afghanistan the prison at Bagram air base was housed in an abandoned brickmaking factory outside Kabul, known as the “Salt Pit”, but later moved to the base when a young Afghan died of hypothermia after he was stripped naked and left chained to a floor. During the period the prison operated there were several incidents of torture and prisoner abuse. At some point prior to 2005 the prison was relocated again, this time to an unknown site. Metal containers at Bagram air base were reported to be black sites. Some Guantanamo Bay detainees reported being tortured in a prison they called “the dark prison” near Kabul.
Jalalabad and Asadabad have been reported as suspected black sites too.
In Iraq, Abu Ghraib was a black site and the centre of an extensive prisoner abuse scandal. Additionally, Camp Bucca (near Umm Qasr) and Camp Cropper (near Baghdad International Airport) were reported as black sites.
Africa
Some reported black sites in Egypt, Libya and Morocco, as well as Djibouti. The al-Tamara interrogation centre, five miles outside the Moroccan capital, Rabat, is cited.
On January 23, 2009, The Guardian reported that the CIA ran a secret detention centre in Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti, a former French Foreign Legion base.
British Overseas Territories
The US naval base in Diego Garcia was a black site, but UK and US officials initially denied this. However, it was later revealed by Time magazine and a “senior American official” source that the island – which is designated as being part of British Overseas Territory – was used by the US as a secret prison. In February 2008, Foreign Secretary David Miliband admitted that in 2002 two rendition flights, each carrying a detainee, stopped over in Diego Garcia. There was also evidence that the UK Government knew of a US black site on Diego Garcia.
Reprieve also documented 23 suspicious stops between 2001 and 2005 in the Turks and Caicos by aircraft that had been associated with extraordinary renditions – these include aircraft N379P (also known as N8068V), N313P, N85VM, and N829MG.
For a complete list of flights where the UK Government has been alerted to concerns regarding rendition through the UK, its Overseas Territories or the Crown Dependencies, click here.
Several European countries (particularly the former Soviet satellites and republics) hosted black sites: the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Armenia, Georgia, Latvia, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan.
The interior minister of Romania, Vasile Blaga, claimed that Mihail Kogălniceanu Airport was used only as a supply point for equipment, and never for detention. However, a fax intercepted by the Onyx Swiss interception system, from the Egyptian Foreign Ministry to its London embassy stated that 23 prisoners were clandestinely interrogated by the US at the base. (In 2007, it was disclosed by Dick Marty (investigator) that the CIA allegedly had secret prisons in Poland and Romania.)
There were reported black sites in Ukraine and the Republic of Macedonia.
In June 2008, a New York Times article claimed, citing unnamed CIA officers, that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was held in a secret facility in Poland, near Szymany Airport, about 100 miles north of Warsaw and it was there where he was interrogated and that waterboarding was applied. It is claimed that waterboarding was used on him about 100 times over a period of two weeks. In September 2008, two Polish intelligence officers made the claims about facilities being located in Poland in the Polish daily newspaper Dziennik. One stated that between 2002 and 2005 the CIA held detainees inside a military intelligence training base in Stare Kiejkuty in north-eastern Poland. The officer said only the CIA had access to the base, which was used because it was a secure site far from major towns and close to a former military airport.
On January 23, 2009, The Guardian reported that the CIA had black sites at Szymany Airport in Poland, Camp Eagle in Bosnia and Camp Bondsteel in Kosovo.
In November 2009, there were reports in a Washington Post 2005 article that a black site had been located in Lithuania. A former riding school in Antaviliai, a village some 25 kilometres from Vilnius, was said to have been converted into a jail by the CIA in 2004.
Mobile sites
- U.S. warship USS Bataan was used by the US military as a temporary initial interrogation site (after which, prisoners are then transferred to other facilities, possibly including black sites).
- On May 31, 2008, The Guardian reported that the human rights group Reprieve said that up to 17 US Naval vessels may have been used to covertly hold captives. In addition to the USS Bataan The Guardian named: USS Peleliu and the USS Ashland, USNS Stockham, USNS Watson, USNS Watkins.
- Aircraft:
2. Enhanced Interrogation Techniques

Bruce Jessen and James Mitchell
The CIA physical and psychological methods were originally codified in the Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual, published in 1963, and in CIA torture training handbooks for Latin American regimes, published in the 1970s and 1980s, and employed during the Cold War, the CIA’s Phoenix program in Vietnam, and the CIA’s Operation Condor in South America. The other primary source for SERE techniques was the 1960s CIA “mind control experiments”, using sleep deprivation, drugs, electric shock, and isolation and extended sensory deprivation. Some of the less physically damaging methods that were derived from what was at the time called “defensive behavioural research” were refined as training techniques for the SERE program (see below).
Enhanced interrogation techniques (EIT) refers to the US government’s program of systematic torture of detainees by the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency and various components of the US Armed Forces at black sites around the world, including Bagram, Guantanamo Bay, and Abu Ghraib, all authorized by officials of the administration of President George W. Bush. The methods include the “five techniques” – prolonged stress positions, hooding, subjection to deafening noise, sleep deprivation to the point of hallucination, deprivation of food and drink, waterboarding, walling, nakedness, subjection to extreme cold, confinement in small coffin-like boxes, and repeated slapping or beating. There were also cases of rectal violation, rape, threats to abuse and rape family members, and sodomizing children in front of their parents.
There has never been an authoritative tally of the number of detainees subjected to these methods. However, the CIA admits to waterboarding three people implicated in the September 11 attacks: Abu Zubaydah, Khalid Shaikh Mohammed and Mohammed al-Qahtani, and the agency is also known to have waterboarded Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri. As well, a waterboard surrounded by buckets of water was photographed at the Salt Pit, a CIA prison where the CIA claimed never to have used the technique. In 2005 the CIA destroyed videotapes depicting prisoners being interrogated under torture; an internal justification was that what they showed was so horrific they would be “devastating to the CIA”, and that “the heat from destroying is nothing compared to what it would be if the tapes ever got into public domain.”
The US Administration disputes that EIT violates US anti-torture statutes or international laws such as the UN Convention against Torture or the Nuremberg Code. However, the United Nations special rapporteur on torture, Juan Mendez, stated that waterboarding is torture — “immoral and illegal”. In July 2014 the European Court of Human Rights formally ruled that EIT is torture and has ordered Poland to pay restitution to men tortured at a CIA black site there.
3. SERE
The main US Air Force SERE (Survival Evasion Resistance Escape) school is located at Fairchild AFB, Washington; SERE training for the US Army is located at Fort Bragg, North Carolina and at Fort Rucker, Alabama. The Navy and Marine Corps SERE School has locations at the US Navy Remote Training Site at Warner Springs, California, the Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center at Bridgeport, California, and the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine. Here is a link to the SERE website and a link to a US Air Force promotion of SERE.
The chief psychologist for SERE was Bruce Jessen, who began his career in the US Air Force. The SERE program was initially based on the experience of US soldiers captured in the Vietnam War and included mock executions, waterboarding, isolation, etc. In 2001 Jessen studied an Al-Qaeda training manual that outlined techniques to resist interrogation procedures and a year later left the US Air Force to join with James Mitchell and formed a company – Mitchell, Jessen and Associates – in Spokane. Mitchell and Jessen then put together a proposal to the CIA for an interrogation program. MJA was subsequently contracted to the CIA to oversee EIT, which Jessen and Mitchell called “learned helplessness”.Their fee was “more than $1,000 a day” plus expenses, tax free.
In April 2002 an al Qaeda prisoner, Abu Zubaydah was held at a CIA safe house in Thailand and the CIA invited Mitchell to try out his methods on the prisoner. Mitchell ordered that Zubaydah be “confined like a dog” in a small box. When that didn’t work Mitchell ordered that Zubaydah be waterboarding and other, more extreme, measures be deployed. The interrogation was videotaped and progress reports were sent by email to Alberto Gonzales, who was George W Bush’s personal lawyer and was later appointed Attorney-General. It is reported that Mitchell, Jessen and Associates netted around $81million from the US Government (specifically the CIA) for their EIT ‘advice’.
4. Analysis of Rendition Circuits
The following is sourced from The Rendition Project:
A. Rendition Circuits By Date
- December 2001
- January 2002
- February 2002
- April 2002
- May 2002
- July 2002
- September 2002
- October 2002
- November 2002
- December 2002
- February 2003
- March 2003
- June 2003
- August 2003
- September 2003
- October 2003
- January 2004
- March 2004
- April 2004
- May 2004
- June 2004
- July 2004
- August 2004
- September 2004
- ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- October 2004
- February 2005
- July 2005
- ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania-Egypt (and then possibly Afghanistan)
- October 2005
- November 2005
- March 2006
B. Rendition Circuits By Detainee Name
- Ahmed AGIZA
- December 2001: Sweden to Egypt
- Mustafa AL-HAWSAWI
- March 2003: Afghanistan to Poland (possible)
- September 2003: Afghanistan or Poland to Guantanamo Bay
- March 2004: Guantanamo Bay to Morocco (possible)
- April 2004: Guantanamo Bay to Romania or Morocco (possible)
- Amanatullah ALI
- March 2004: Iraq to Afghanistan
- Majid AL-MAGHREBI
- August 2004: Afghanistan to Libya
- Khaled AL-MAQTARI
- January 2004: Iraq to Afghanistan
- Abd al-Rahim AL-NASHIRI
- November 2002: Dubai to Afghanistan (possible)
- November 2002: Afghanistan to Thailand (possible)
- December 2002: Thailand to Poland
- June 2003: Poland to Morocco
- September 2003: Morocco to Guantanamo Bay
- March 2004: Guantanamo Bay to Morocco (possible)
- April 2004: Guantanamo Bay to Romania (possible)
- Bisher AL-RAWI
- December 2002: The Gambia to Afghanistan
- Ali al-Hajj AL-SHARQAWI
- February 2002: Afghanistan to Jordan (possible)
- January 2004: Jordan to Afghanistan
- Ramzi bin AL-SHIBH
- September 2002: Afghanistan to Jordan or Morocco
- February 2003: Morocco to Poland (possible)
- June 2003: Poland to Morocco
- September 2003: Morocco to Guantanamo Bay
- March 2004: Guantanamo Bay to Morocco
- October 2004: Morocco to Romania
- Mohammed AL-SHOROEIYA
- August 2004: Afghanistan to Libya
- Maher ARAR
- October 2002: US to Jordan (via Italy)
- Hassan bin ATTASH
- September 2002: Afghanistan to Jordan
- January 2004: Jordan to Afghanistan
- Walid bin ATTASH
- September 2003: Poland to Romania
- Mohamed BASHMILAH
- October 2003: Jordan to Afghanistan
- Abdel Hakim BELHADJ
- March 2004: Thailand to Libya
- Bensayah BELKACEM
- January 2002: Bosnia to Guantanamo Bay (via Turkey)
- Fatima BOUCHAR
- March 2004: Thailand to Libya
- Hadj BOUDELLAA
- January 2002: Bosnia to Guantanamo Bay (via Turkey)
- Lakhdar BOUMEDIENE
- January 2002: Bosnia to Guantanamo Bay (via Turkey)
- Abou Elkassim BRITEL
- May 2002: Pakistan to Morocco
- Saleh DI’IKI
- August 2004: Afghanistan to Libya
- Gouled Hassan DOURAD
- Jamil EL-BANNA
- December 2002: The Gambia to Afghanistan
- Khaled EL-MASRI
- January 2004: Macedonia to Afghanistan
- May 2004: Afghanistan to Albania
- Mohamed EL-ZERY
- December 2001: Sweden to Egypt
- Mamdouh HABIB
- April 2002: Egypt to Afghanistan (via Uzbekistan)
- HAMBALI
- August 2003: Thailand to Afghanistan (via Sri Lanka)
- HIGH-VALUE DETAINEES (unidentified)
- March 2004: Guantánamo Bay to Morocco
- April 2004: Guantánamo Bay, Romania, and Morocco (possible)
- September 2004: Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- February 2005: Morocco, Jordan and Lithuania (possible)
- February 2005: Morocco, Romania and Lithuania (possible)
- July 2005: Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- July 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania-Egypt (and then possibly Afghanistan)
- October 2005: Romania to Lithuania, via Albania (possible)
- November 2005: Romania, Jordan and Afghanistan (possible)
- March 2006: Lithuania, Egypt and Afghanistan (possible)
- Janat GUL
- July 2004: Afghanistan to Romania (via Jordan)
- Mustafa Ait IDIR
- January 2002: Bosnia to Guantanamo Bay (via Turkey)
- Saber LAHMAR
- January 2002: Bosnia to Guantanamo Bay (via Turkey)
- LILLIE
- August 2003: Thailand to Afghanistan (via Sri Lanka)
- Mohammed Saad Iqbal MADNI
- January 2002: Indonesia to Egypt (via Diego Garcia)
- April 2002: Egypt to Afghanistan (via Uzbekistan)
- Binyam MOHAMED
- July 2002: Pakistan to Morocco
- January 2004: Morocco to Afghanistan
- Khaled Sheikh MOHAMMED
- March 2003: Afghanistan to Poland (possible)
- September 2003: Poland to Romania
- Mohamed NECHLE
- January 2002: Bosnia to Guantanamo Bay (via Turkey)
- Abu OMAR
- February 2003: Italy to Egypt (via Germany)
- Yunus RAHMATULLAH
- March 2004: Iraq to Afghanistan
- Laid SAIDI
- June 2004: Afghanistan to Tunisa and back (aborted)
- August 2004: Afghanistan to Algeria
- ZUBAIR
- June 2003: Thailand to Afghanistan (via Sri Lanka)
- Abu ZUBAYDAH
- December 2002: Thailand to Poland
- September 2003: Poland to Guantanamo Bay
- March 2004: Guantanamo Bay to Morocco
- February 2005: Morocco to Lithuania (via Jordan) (possible)
- February 2005: Morocco to Lithuania (via Romania) (possible)
C. Rendition Circuits By Aircraft Involved
- N1HC
- N248AB
- N288KA
- N308AB
- August 2004: Laid Saidi, Afghanistan to Algeria
- July 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania-Egypt (and then possibly Afghanistan)
- October 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania to Lithuania, via Albania (possible)
- N313P
- September 2003: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), between Afghanistan, Poland, Romania, Morocco and Guantánamo Bay
- January 2004: Binyam Mohamed (Morocco to Afghanistan) and Khaled el-Masri (Macedonia to Afghanistan)
- January 2004: Hassan bin Attash and Ali al-Hajj al-Sharqawi from Jordan to Afghanistan
- March 2004: Abdel Hakim Belhadj and Fatima Bouchar (Thailand to Libya, via Diego Garcia) and Yunus Rahmatullah and Amanatullah Ali (Iraq to Afghanistan)
- N379P
- December 2001: Mohamed el-Zery and Ahmed Agiza, Sweden to Egypt
- January 2002: Mohammed Saad Iqbal Madni, Indonesia to Egypt (via Diego Garcia)
- February 2002: Ali al-Hajj al-Sharqawi, Afghanistan to Jordan (possible)
- April 2002: Mohammed Saad Iqbal Madni and Mamdouh Habib, Egypt to Afghanistan (via Uzbekistan)
- May 2002: Abou Elkassim Britel, Pakistan to Morocco
- July 2002: Binyam Mohamed and two others, Pakistan to Morocco
- September 2002: Unidentified detainee (Southeast Asia to Egypt or Morocco, via Diego Garcia), and then Ramzi bin al-Shibh and Hassan bin Attash (Afghanistan to Jordan and/or Morocco)
- November 2002: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Afghanistan to Thailand (possible)
- December 2002: Bisher al-Rawi and Jamil el-Banna, The Gambia to Afghanistan (via Egypt)
- February 2003: Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Morocco to Poland (possible)
- March 2003: Khaled Sheikh Mohammed, Afghanistan to Poland
- June 2003: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Poland to Morocco
- October 2003: Mohamed Bashmilah, Jordan to Afghanistan
- January 2004: Khaled al-Maqtari, Iraq to Afganistan
- March 2004: Gouled Hassan Dourad, Djibouti to Afghanistan, Morocco or Guantanamo Bay (possible)
- N614RD
- N63MU
- N724CL
- N733MA
- N740EH
- N787WH
- N829MG
- October 2002: Maher Arar, US to Jordan (via Italy)
- N85VM
- November 2002: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Dubai to Afghanistan (possible)
- February 2003: Abu Omar, Italy to Egypt (via Germany)
- August 2003: Hambali and Lillie, Thailand to Afghanistan (via Sri Lanka)
- March 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Guantánamo Bay to Morocco
- April 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Guantánamo Bay, Romania, and Morocco (possible)
- October 2004: Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Morocco to Romania
- N88ZL
- September 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- N982RK
- US Air Force
D. Rendition Circuits By Country Transferred To/From
- Afghanistan
- February 2002: Ali al-Hajj al-Sharqawi, Afghanistan to Jordan (possible)
- April 2002: Mohammed Saad Iqbal Madni and Mamdouh Habib, Egypt to Afghanistan (via Uzbekistan)
- September 2002: Unidentified detainee (Southeast Asia to Egypt or Morocco, via Diego Garcia), and then Ramzi bin al-Shibh and Hassan bin Attash (Afghanistan to Jordan and/or Morocco)
- November 2002: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Dubai to Afghanistan (possible)
- November 2002: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Afghanistan to Thailand (possible)
- December 2002: Bisher al-Rawi and Jamil el-Banna, The Gambia to Afghanistan (via Egypt)
- March 2003: Khaled Sheikh Mohammed, Afghanistan to Poland
- June 2003: Zubair, Thailand to Afghanistan (via Sri Lanka)
- August 2003: Hambali and Lillie, Thailand to Afghanistan (via Sri Lanka)
- September 2003: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), between Aghanistan, Poland, Romania, Morocco and Guantánamo Bay
- October 2003: Mohamed Bashmilah, Jordan to Afghanistan
- January 2004: Khaled al-Maqtari, Iraq to Afghanistan
- January 2004: Binyam Mohamed (Morocco to Afghanistan) and Khaled el-Masri (Macedonia to Afghanistan)
- January 2004: Hassan bin Attash and Ali al-Hajj al-Sharqawi from Jordan to Afghanistan
- March 2004: Abdel Hakim Belhadj and Fatima Bouchar (Thailand to Libya, via Diego Garcia) and Yunus Rahmatullah and Amanatullah Ali (Iraq to Afghanistan)
- March 2004: Gouled Hassan Dourad, Djibouti to Afghanistan, Morocco or Guantanamo Bay (possible)
- May 2004: Khaled el-Masri, Afghanistan to Albania
- June 2004: Laid Saidi, Afghanistan to Tunisia and back (aborted)
- July 2004: Janat Gul, Afghanistan to Romania (via Jordan)
- August 2004: Laid Saidi, Afghanistan to Algeria
- August 2004: Mohammed al-Shoroeiya, Majid al-Maghrebi and Saleh Di’iki, Afghanistan to Libya
- September 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- July 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- July 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania-Egypt (and then possibly Afghanistan)
- November 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania, Jordan and Afghanistan (possible)
- March 2006: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Lithuania, Egypt and Afghanistan (possible)
- Albania
- May 2004: Khaled el-Masri, Afghanistan to Albania
- Algeria
- August 2004: Laid Saidi, Afghanistan to Algeria
- Bosnia
- Cuba (Guantanamo Bay)
- January 2002: Six Bosnian Algerians, Bosnia to Guantanamo Bay (via Turkey)
- September 2003: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), between Aghanistan, Poland, Romania, Morocco and Guantánamo Bay
- March 2004: Gouled Hassan Dourad, Djibouti to Afghanistan, Morocco or Guantanamo Bay (possible)
- March 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Guantánamo Bay to Morocco
- April 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Guantánamo Bay, Romania, and Morocco (possible)
- Djibouti
- Egypt
- December 2001: Mohamed el-Zery and Ahmed Agiza, Sweden to Egypt
- January 2002: Mohammed Saad Iqbal Madni, Indonesia to Egypt (via Diego Garcia)
- April 2002: Mohammed Saad Iqbal Madni and Mamdouh Habib, Egypt to Afghanistan (via Uzbekistan)
- September 2002: Unidentified detainee (Southeast Asia to Egypt or Morocco, via Diego Garcia), and then Ramzi bin al-Shibh and Hassan bin Attash (Afghanistan to Jordan and/or Morocco)
- February 2003: Abu Omar, Italy to Egypt (via Germany)
- July 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania-Egypt (and then possibly Afghanistan)
- March 2006: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Lithuania, Egypt and Afghanistan (possible)
- Indonesia
- Iraq
- Italy
- February 2003: Abu Omar, Italy to Egypt (via Germany)
- Jordan
- February 2002: Ali al-Hajj al-Sharqawi, Afghanistan to Jordan (possible)
- September 2002: Unidentified detainee (Southeast Asia to Egypt or Morocco, via Diego Garcia), and then Ramzi bin al-Shibh and Hassan bin Attash (Afghanistan to Jordan and/or Morocco)
- October 2002: Maher Arar, US to Jordan (via Italy)
- October 2003: Mohamed Bashmilah, Jordan to Afghanistan
- January 2004: Hassan bin Attash and Ali al-Hajj al-Sharqawi from Jordan to Afghanistan
- February 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Morocco, Jordan and Lithuania (possible)
- November 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania, Jordan and Afghanistan (possible)
- Lithuania
- September 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- February 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Morocco, Jordan and Lithuania (possible)
- February 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Morocco, Romania and Lithuania (possible)
- July 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Afghanistan to Lithuania (possible)
- October 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania to Lithuania, via Albania (possible)
- March 2006: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Lithuania, Egypt and Afghanistan (possible)
- Libya
- Macedonia
- Morocco
- May 2002: Abou Elkassim Britel, Pakistan to Morocco
- July 2002: Binyam Mohamed and two others, Pakistan to Morocco
- September 2002: Unidentified detainee (Southeast Asia to Egypt or Morocco, via Diego Garcia), and then Ramzi bin al-Shibh and Hassan bin Attash (Afghanistan to Jordan and/or Morocco)
- February 2003: Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Morocco to Poland (possible)
- June 2003: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Poland to Morocco
- September 2003: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), between Aghanistan, Poland, Romania, Morocco and Guantánamo Bay
- January 2004: Binyam Mohamed (Morocco to Afghanistan) and Khaled el-Masri (Macedonia to Afghanistan)
- March 2004: Gouled Hassan Dourad, Djibouti to Afghanistan, Morocco or Guantanamo Bay (possible)
- March 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Guantánamo Bay to Morocco
- April 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Guantánamo Bay, Romania, and Morocco (possible)
- October 2004: Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Morocco to Romania
- February 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Morocco, Jordan and Lithuania (possible)
- February 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Morocco, Romania and Lithuania (possible)
- Pakistan
- Poland
- December 2002: Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Thailand to Poland (via Dubai)
- February 2003: Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Morocco to Poland (possible)
- March 2003: Khaled Sheikh Mohammed, Afghanistan to Poland
- June 2003: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Poland to Morocco
- September 2003: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), between Aghanistan, Poland, Romania, Morocco and Guantánamo Bay
- Romania
- September 2003: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), between Aghanistan, Poland, Romania, Morocco and Guantánamo Bay
- April 2004: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Guantánamo Bay, Romania, and Morocco (possible)
- July 2004: Janat Gul, Afghanistan to Romania (via Jordan)
- October 2004: Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Morocco to Romania
- February 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Morocco, Romania and Lithuania (possible)
- July 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania-Egypt (and then possibly Afghanistan)
- October 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania to Lithuania, via Albania (possible)
- November 2005: ‘High-Value Detainees’ (HVDs), Romania, Jordan and Afghanistan (possible)
- Sweden
- December 2001: Mohamed el-Zery and Ahmed Agiza, Sweden to Egypt
- Thailand
- November 2002: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Afghanistan to Thailand (possible)
- December 2002: Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Thailand to Poland (via Dubai)
- June 2003: Zubair, Thailand to Afghanistan (via Sri Lanka)
- August 2003: Hambali and Lillie, Thailand to Afghanistan (via Sri Lanka)
- March 2004: Abdel Hakim Belhadj and Fatima Bouchar (Thailand to Libya, via Diego Garcia) and Yunus Rahmatullah and Amanatullah Ali (Iraq to Afghanistan)
- The Gambia
- Tunisia
- UAE (Dubai)
- November 2002: Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, Dubai to Afghanistan (possible)
- United States
- October 2002: Maher Arar, US to Jordan (via Italy)
5. Investigations (including more recent opeds):
Prosecute Torturers and Their Bosses (Editorial)
CIA on the Couch: Why there would have been no torture without the psychologists by Steven Reisner
The Luxury Homes That Torture and Your Tax Dollars Built by Michael Daly
Bruce Jessen Built CIA Interrogation Program; Quit Role As Mormon Bishop by Reuters
Who Are Jim Mitchell And Bruce Jessen? CIA Torture Psychologists Were Experts In Communist Chinese Interrogation by Philip Ross
CIA Psychologist’s Notes Reveal True Purpose Behind Bush’s Torture Program by Jason Leopold and Jeffrey Kaye
Fairchild’s torture ties extend their reach by Shawn Vestal
US Pentagon Releases Training Manual Used As Basis For Bush’s Torture Program by Andy Worthington
CIA: Detainee’s Torture Drawings, Writings, “Should They Exist,” to Remain Top Secret by Jason Leopold
Guantánamo files: US agencies fought internal war over handling of detainees by Ewen MacAskill
The Dark Desires Of Bruce Jessen: The Architect Of Bush’s Torture Program by Andy Worthington
Was Bush Torture Really About Interrogation? by Andrew Sullivan
Expanding the Investigation into SERE Torture by Valtin (Michael Otterman)
Expose (Part 3): Roger Aldrich, the Al Qaeda Manual, and the Origins of Mitchell-Jessen by Jeff Kaye
Roger Aldrich, the Al-Qaeda Manual, and the Origins of Mitchell-Jessen by Aldin (Michael Otterman)
Expose (Part 2) : Expanding the Investigation into SERE Torture by Jeff Kaye
Expose (Part 1): NYT Misses Full Story on Mitchell-Jessen by Jeff Kaye
Senate report reveals torture planning began in 2001, by Mark Benjamin
The CIA’s Torture Teachers by Mark Benjamin
Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture.
Was there a covert CIA prison system? by Josh Clark
Map of CIA detention centres by Amnesty International
More than a quarter of the world’s countries helped the CIA run its torture program (Huffington Post)
From blame game to half confessions, how global leaders are reacting to torture report by Akbar Shahid Amed
Globalizing torture: CIA secret detention and extraordinary rendition by Open Society Foundation
CIA prisoners missing: at least 20 people missing from secret ‘black site’ detention centers, by Cora Currier
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